Judaism

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Articles

Article

The Cyrus Cylinder

by Antoine Simonin
published on 18 January 2012
The Cyrus Cylinder is a document issued by Cyrus the Great, consisting of a cylinder of clay inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform script. The cylinder was created in 539 BC, surely by order of Cyrus the Great, when he took Babylon from Nabonidus, ending the Neo-Babylonian empire. This document is clearly propaganda, praising the Achemenid ruler Cyrus and treating... [continue reading]
Article

The history of Jewish Christianity in the early Roman Empire (30-135 A.D.)

by Douglas Lawson
published on 19 April 2012
The history of Jewish Christianity is a very tragic one. During the first few years of its existence, it enjoyed an enormous growth in numbers, both in Jerusalem and in the rest of Judaea and Samaria. The early Jewish Christians of the Jerusalem Church were respected both by their countrymen and by the Gentiles of the churches founded by Paul in Asia Minor... [continue reading]
Article

Female leadership in the ancient synagogue

by Bernadette J. Brooten
published on 06 February 2012
Jewish women in the ancient Mediterranean lived side by side with communities in which women carried out religious functions, including ritual functions, for example, as high priestesses of the imperial cult and female functionaries in the Isis religion. Similarly, Christian women at this time acted as apostles, prophets, teachers, stewards, deacons, church... [continue reading]
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Dead Sea Scrolls Torah Map of Jewish Deportations

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Timeline

Visual Timeline
  • c. 1000 BCE
    Tentative date of the composition of the Torah's J source.
  • c. 900 BCE
    Tentative date of the composition of the Torah's E(?) source.
  • c. 621 BCE
    Tentative date of the composition of the Torah's D source.
  • 597 BCE - 587 BCE
    Jews are deported to Babylonia.
  • 587 BCE - 539 BCE
    Jewish exile in Babylonia. Old Testament is written.
  • 539 BCE
    Fall of Babylon, conquered by Cyrus of Persia. Return of the Jews.
  • 539 BCE - c. 330 BCE
    Tentative date of the redactional (=editorial) activity of the Torah's P source.
  • c. 250 BCE
    Torah is translated into Greek in Alexandria, Egypt.
  • 132 CE - 135 CE
    Jewish revolt of Bar Kokhba.